Zviratidzo zvikuru zvakatsanangurwa muOutline yeChirongwa chemakore mashanu chegumi nemana, kusanganisira kugona kwekugadzira simba rakazara uye huwandu hwesimba risiri rezvisaririra, zvinotarisirwa kuzadzikiswa sezvakarongwa. Kuchengetedzwa kwesimba kwevanhu vanopfuura mabhiriyoni 1.4 kuchavimbiswa zvinobudirira. Kubudirira kweChina mukuchengetedza nharaunda uye kushandiswa kwekabhoni shoma kwakwezva kutariswa kwepasi rose, uye nyika yave chinhu chikuru chinosimudzira shanduko yesimba repasi rose. Munyaya inotevera, ndichatsanangura kufambira mberi nekubudirira munzvimbo ina dzakakosha.
Chekutanga, nguva yeChirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nemana inoratidza makore mashanu ane simba rakawanda uye kusimba kwakawedzerwa. Mumakore mana ekutanga echirongwa ichi, kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwesimba kweChina kwakasvika ka1.5 kupfuura nguva yese yeChirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nematatu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kushandiswa kwemagetsi matsva mumakore mashanu kuchapfuura kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwegore negore kweEuropean Union. Takakurumidza kuvaka sisitimu yakazara yekugadzira, kugovera, kuchengetedza, uye kugovera simba kuti tikwanise kusangana nekudiwa kwesimba kuri kukura nekukurumidza. Muna 2024, kugadzirwa kwesimba renyika kwakapfuura matani e10 trillion kilowatt-hours, zvichireva chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chehuwandu hwepasi rose. Kugadzirwa kwesimba kwakaenzana nematani angangoita mabhiriyoni mashanu emarasha akajairwa, achimiririra anopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chehuwandu hwepasi rose, zvichivimbisa kuwanikwa kwesimba kwakasimba uye kwakakwana. Mumakore mashanu apfuura, kugoverwa kwesimba kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya. Network yenyika yezvivakwa zvesimba, inotangira kumabvazuva kusvika kumadokero, kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, uye inobatanidza mhiri kwemakungwa, yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvakashandura zvakanakira zviwanikwa munzvimbo dzepakati nekumadokero kuita zvakanakira budiriro uye zvakapa hwaro hwakasimba hwesimba kune matunhu makuru ehupfumi kuti atungamire mubudiriro. Mudunhu rekumabvazuva, 40% yesimba rinoshandiswa rinobva munzira huru dzekutumira simba dzakadai se "West-to-East Power Transmission," "West-to-East Gas Pipeline," uye "North-to-South Coal Transport." Takasimbisa kuwanikwa kwemagetsi, mafuta, negesi kuti vanhu vararame, tichiisa pamberi kugadziriswa kwezvipingamupinyi uye tichiramba tichivandudza kugona kwekuona kuti simba rinowanikwa mudzimba. Munguva yechirongwa chemakore mashanu chegumi nemana, China yakavaka network yekuchaja mota dzemagetsi yakakura kwazvo pasi rose, ine nzvimbo mbiri dzekuchaja pamotokari shanu dzese, zvichivandudza zvakanyanya kugarika kweveruzhinji. Takabatsira zvikuru panjodzi dzechisikigo, tichidzorera simba nekukurumidza uye tichichengetedza nzira dzesimba dzakakosha dzekurarama kwevanhu.
Chechipiri, nguva yeChirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nemana inomiririra chikamu chinokurumidza chekuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza uye kabhoni shoma. China yakagadzira sisitimu yesimba rinodzokororwa yakakura uye iri kukura nekukurumidza pasi rose. Chikamu chesimba rinodzokororwa mukugadzira simba chakawedzera kubva pa40% kusvika pa60%. Simba idzva remagetsi emhepo ne photovoltaic pagore rakapfuura matanho emamiriyoni zana, mazana maviri emamiriyoni, uye mazana matatu emamiriyoni e kilowatts, zvichikonzera kukwira kukuru kwebudiriro. Kumhanya uye simba rebudiriro iyi hazvisati zvamboitika. Kushandiswa kwesimba kuri kuramba kuchichinja kuenda kuzvinhu zvinosvibisa. Pakati pekushandiswa kwemagetsi, rimwe chete pamaawa matatu ega ega rinogadzirwa kubva kusimba rinosvibisa. Munyika yese, chikamu chesimba risiri refossil mukushandiswa kwesimba rose chinotarisirwa kuwedzera ne1 muzana pagore, kupfuura 20% yakatarwa panguva yeChirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nemana. Panguva iyi, chikamu chemarasha chinotarisirwa kudzikira ne1 muzana pagore. Maitiro aya maviri ekuwedzera simba rakachena uye kudzikira kwekushandiswa kwemarasha zvakasimudzira zvakanyanya kuenderera mberi kwebudiriro yehupfumi. Munguva iyi, kutengeswa kwemhepo nemagetsi kubva kunze kwenyika neChina kwaderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo neanosvika mabhiriyoni mana nerimwe ematani pasi rose, zvichipa rubatsiro rwakakosha mukuchinja kwepasi rose kwemhepo ine kabhoni shoma.
Chechitatu, nguva yeChirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nemana iri kuona budiriro huru mukuvandudza sainzi yesimba netekinoroji. China iri kutungamira pasi rose muhunyanzvi hutsva hwesimba nemidziyo. Nyika iyi ine anopfuura 40% yemapatent esimba idzva pasi rose. Kushanda zvakanaka kwekushanduka kwemagetsi ezuva nezuva uye kugona kwemhepo yemhepo yekunze kwenyika zvakagara zvichinyora marekodhi epasi rose. Mukati memakore mashoma, huwandu hwekuchengetera simba hutsva hwakwira kusvika pamusoro pasi rose. Mapurojekiti akadai seBaihetan Hydropower Station, zviteshi zvesimba renyukireya zvechizvarwa chechitatu zvakagadzirwa zvakazvimiririra "Hualong One," uye reactor yechizvarwa chechina inotonhodza gasi zvakanyanya zvapedzwa uye zvatanga kushanda. Mukutsvaga mafuta negasi, budiriro dzakaitwa pakadzika kupfuura mamita zviuru gumi pasi pevhu uye munzvimbo dzakadzika dzegungwa pamusoro pemamita chiuru pasi pegungwa. Izvi "zvishandiso zvikuru zvenyika" zvinoratidza kugona kwesainzi netekinoroji kwakasimba kweChina. Mamodheru matsva ebhizinesi nemafomu ari kubudirira. Kuvandudzwa kwema microgrid akangwara nezvivakwa zvemagetsi zvepamhepo kwapinda munzira yekukurumidzira. Kuedza kukuru kwekushandisa kudyidzana kwemotokari negrid kuri kukurumidza. Indasitiri yesimba iri kuramba ichibatanidzwa nezvikamu zvakaita sekugadzira nekutakura. Minda iri kubuda uye nzira dzekuvandudza zvinhu dziri kuramba dzichibuda, zvichiva chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti pave nezvibereko zvitsva.
Chechina, nguva yeChirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nemana inoratidzirwa nekudzika kwekuvandudzwa kwesimba uye kusimbiswa kwenguva refu kwekusimudzira. Maitiro emasangano uye masisitimu emitemo zvakagadziridzwa nekukurumidza. Kuvakwa kwemusika wemagetsi wenyika wakabatana kwawedzera. Simba remagetsi rinoshandisa marasha uye masosi matsva esimba zvapinda mumusika zvizere, nevashandisi vese vemaindasitiri nevemabhizinesi vachitora chikamu. Network yenyika yemafuta negasi yakatanga kugadzwa. Mutemo weSimba wakaziviswa uye washandiswa, zvichivandudza nzira dzekutonga macro-control uye kutonga maindasitiri. Simba remusika riri kukurumidza kuburitswa. Huwandu hwemasangano ebhizinesi akanyoreswa mumusika wemagetsi hwasvika 970,000, kashanu pane ya2020. Matanho gumi ekusimudzira budiriro yemakambani esimba ega akaunzwa. Mazhinji emabhizinesi ekugadzira michina ye photovoltaic uye anopfuura 60% emabhizinesi ekugadzira maturbine emhepo ndeevanhu vega. Mune mamwe mapurojekiti esimba renyukireya, mabhizinesi ega ane mugove unosvika 20%. Zviri pachena kuti mabhizinesi ega ave simba rakakosha mukusimudzira shanduko nekugadzirisa maindasitiri esimba.
Kubva pakutanga kwechirongwa chemakore mashanu chechi14, pasinei nekushanduka-shanduka kwesimba renyika nerepasi rose, China yakaramba ichichengetedza simba rayo uye yakagadzira nzira yeChina yekuvandudza simba repamusoro, ichipa muenzaniso unokosha wekuchinja kwesimba repasi rose.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-28-2025