1. Kubviswa kwe "mutengo wemagetsi wenguva yekushandisa" unoenderana nemutemo kuri kuva tsika. Pakupera kwa2025, National Development and Reform Commission neNational Energy Administration vakaburitsa zvakatevedzana "Chiziviso cheKuita Basa Rakanaka Mukusaina nekuzadzisa Zvibvumirano zveMagetsi zvepakati neparefu zve2026″ uye "Mitemo Yekutanga yeMusika weMagetsi wepakati neparefu", zvose zviri zviviri zvakataura zvakajeka kuti:
Panyaya iyi, vanhu vanotenga magetsi zvakananga havazoshandisi mitemo yakatarwa nehurumende pakutenga magetsi panguva yakatarwa.
Gadzirisa nzira yemitengo yemagetsi yepakati nerefu. Matunhu ese anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti mutemo wemitengo yemagetsi wepamusoro nepamupata wekushandiswa kwemagetsi wakabatana uye mutengo wekutengesa magetsi pamusika. Chaizvoizvo, vatori vechikamu vemusika vakananga havachazove pasi pemitengo yemagetsi yekushandiswa yakatarwa nehurumende. Mapato ese ari maviri muzvibvumirano zvepakati nerefu anokurudzirwa kusaina zvibvumirano zvinoenderana nekuwanikwa kwemagetsi pamusika.
Kune mabhizinesi ari kuita zvakananga mukutengeserana kwemusika, hapachazove nezvirevo zvekugadzira pamusoro pehuwandu uye nguva yekushandiswa kwemutengo wemagetsi. Kune vanoshandisa magetsi emagetsi egrid-agent, dhipatimendi rehurumende remitengo richaronga nekugadzirisa kupatsanurwa kwenguva dzepamusoro nedzisiri dzepamusoro uye chiyero chekuchinja kwemitengo zvichienderana nedanho remutengo wemusika.
Zvadaro, mumashoko ekushandisa kutengeserana kwenguva yepakati nerefu muna 2026 mumatunhu eLiaoning, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Henan, neShanxi, zvakatsanangurwawo pachena pasina kusarura kuti mwero nenguva yenguva yemitengo yemagetsi yekushandisa haizochave yakatarwa zvechigadzirwa kune masangano ebhizinesi ari kutora chikamu zvakananga mukutengeserana kwemusika. Izvi hazvirevi kuti mitengo yemagetsi yenguva yekushandisa ichanyangarika, asi kuti nzira yekuumbwa kwayo yachinja zvikuru - kubva "kumitengo yehurumende" kuenda ku "mitengo yemusika". Pasi pesimba rehukama hwekugoverwa kwemagetsi nekudiwa uye kutengeserana kwakatarisana nemusika, mitengo yemagetsi yepamusoro, yakajairika, uye isiri yepamusoro ichaumbwa zvichienderana nekuwanikwa kwemusika nekudiwa, uye kuchinja kwemitengo yemagetsi kucharatidza mamiriro emusika chaiwo.
Zvisinei, mitengo yemagetsi inoenderana nenguva yekushandisa (TOU) yakakonzerawo matambudziko maviri makuru kune modhi ye "peak-valley arbitrage" yemasisitimu ekuchengetedza simba emaindasitiri nemabhizinesi ekare.
Maitiro ekushandisa nguva akaomarara, zvichiita kuti zviome kuenderana nezvinodiwa nemagetsi. Masisitimu ekuchengetedza magetsi echinyakare anowanzo shanda pakuchaja nekuburitsa magetsi panguva yakatarwa, izvo zvinoita kuti zviome kubatana nekushandiswa kwemagetsi chaiwo kwevashandisi. Kunyanya mu "photovoltaic + energy storage", kushaikwa kwesimba rekugadzirisa rinochinjika kunogona kutungamira nyore nyore mukushandiswa kwesimba shoma kana kutadza kusangana nezvinodiwa nemagetsi.
2) Kusagadzikana kwemitengo yemagetsi kuri kuwedzera, zvichiita kuti arbitrage ive yakaoma. Nekubatana kuripo pakati pemitengo yemagetsi yenguva yekushandisa nemusika wepo, mitengo yemagetsi inogona kuchinja-chinja paawa imwe chete kana kunyange maminetsi gumi nemashanu, nemitengo yepamusoro yemagetsi ichisvika pamusoro pe1 yuan/kWh. Munguva dzekugadzirwa kwemagetsi e photovoltaic akakwira, mitengo yemagetsi isina kunaka inogona kutoitika. Maitiro echinyakare akagadziriswa anonetsa kujairana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara emitengo yemagetsi. Saka, pasi pehurongwa hutsva hwemusika wemagetsi, kuchengetedza simba remaindasitiri nevemabhizinesi kunofanira kutsvaga sei zvikumbiro zvitsva zvemutengo?
II. Kubva ku "Peak-Valley Arbitrage" kuenda ku "Microgrid Balancer" Ruzivo kubva kumisika yemagetsi yakakura muEurope runoratidza kuti kana kushambadzira kwakakwira, mamiriro ekushandisa anowedzera uye kukosha kwemasisitimu ekuchengetedza simba kunonyanya kuoneka. Basa ravo riri kuchinja kubva pa "chishandiso che arbitrage chepamusoro-soro" kuenda ku "balancer yakangwara yema microgrids e photovoltaic akaparadzirwa uye energy storage".
1. Poland: Avhareji yebhiri remagetsi kune vashandisi yaderera ne50%, uye mari inowanikwa ne photovoltaic (PV) yakawedzera neanopfuura 200%! Kubva muna 2025, Polish Electricity Exchange yakashandisa mitengo yemagetsi inochinja-chinja, nemitengo ichichinja-chinja munguva chaiyo. Mushandisi wekugara muWarsaw, guta guru, akaisa sisitimu yekuchengetedza simba yeSiggy ine mazano ekuronga nguva eAI, ichigadzira microgrid diki yekuchengetera magetsi yakangwara. Munguva yemitengo yemagetsi yakatarwa, mutero wePV feed-in waingova 0.22–0.44 zlotys pa kWh. Mushure mekuchinja kune mitengo yemagetsi inochinja-chinja uye kubatanidza sisitimu yekuchengeta magetsi yakangwara, kuburikidza nekuchengetedza magetsi uye mazano ekuronga nguva akangwara, zvaikwanisika "kuchengetedza magetsi" panguva dzemitengo yakaderera uye "kuburitsa" munguva dzemitengo yepamusoro, zvichiita kuti mari yemagetsi ichengetedzeke uye kuwedzerwa kwemari inowanikwa. Ruzivo rwegore rimwe chete rwekushanda runoratidza kuti mutengo wekutenga magetsi wemushandisi wakaderera kusvika pa0.55 zlotys pa kWh, kudzikira kweinenge 50%; avhareji yemutengo wePV feed-in yakawedzera kusvika pa1.09 zlotys pa kWh, mari inowanikwa yakawedzera ne220%-300%, uye mwero wekuzvishandisa wakawedzera neanopfuura 200%.
2. Sweden: Masisitimu emagetsi ePV-ESS anoderedza mabhiri emagetsi evashandisi neavhareji ye52.7%! Kunyange zvazvo purojekiti imwe chete muPoland ingave iri nyaya yakasarudzika, data rehuwandu kubva kumapurojekiti anopfuura 2,500 muSweden rinoratidza zvakawanda. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Siger New Energy yakaita ongororo yakarongeka yedata rekushanda kubva kumapurojekiti anopfuura 2,500 emagetsi ePV-ESS muSweden uye yakawana kuti mabhiri emagetsi evashandisi aderera neavhareji ye70.3%! Musika wemagetsi muSweden wakakamurwa kuita matunhu mana (SE1-SE4) zvichibva pachimiro chekushanda kwegrid, uye mapurojekiti akazvimiririra anopfuura 2,500 akapararira munzvimbo idzi ina. Vashandisi vese vakarongwa kubva pamari yakaderera kusvika pamari yepamusoro, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.
Data iri rinoratidza kuti avhareji yekudzikiswa kwemabhiri emagetsi kune vashandisi i70.3%, nepakati pekudzikiswa kwe52.7%. Kusiyana uku hakubvi mukupindira kwevanhu vasina kuenzana, asi nekuda kwekuti vamwe vashandisi munzvimbo dzine kusagadzikana kukuru kwemitengo yemagetsi vakawana purofiti yakakwira zvikuru.
1. Kutumira zvinhu nehunyanzvi kuburikidza neAI: Kunzwisisa mitengo yemagetsi uye mashandisirwo emagetsi kuti kuderedza mitengo uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka munzvimbo ine mitengo yemagetsi inochinja-chinja hakugone kuwanikwa pasina kusimbiswa kwakadzika kwetekinoroji yeAI. Sisitimu ye photovoltaic yakangwara uye yekuchengetedza simba inoita zvinotevera zvakakosha kuburikidza nekudzidza kwekubatanidza nekusimbisa mamodheru akawanda:
1) Kudzidza Kuronga Mashandiro Emagetsi: Kuramba uchidzidza maitiro ekushandiswa kwemagetsi epurojekiti yega yega, kuona huwandu hwemagetsi anoshandiswa, maitiro ekushandiswa kwemagetsi husiku, mutsauko uripo pakati pevhiki nezororo, nezvimwewo, kuti ugadzire chimiro chemagetsi chakagadzirirwa iwe pachako.
2) Kufanotaura kwekugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi ezuva nezuva: Sanganisa data rezvemamiriro ekunze kuti ufanotaura nemazvo kubuda kwesimba remagetsi ezuva nezuva;
3) Kufanotaura mafambiro emitengo yemagetsi: Kufanotaura kushanduka-shanduka kwemitengo yemagetsi zvichibva padata remusika uye kugadzira nzira dzakanakisisa dzekuchaja nekubvisa magetsi;
4) Kugadzirisa mashandiro uye kuchinjika: Kushandisa nzira yekubatanidza mamodheru akawanda, kusanganisa kufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze uye kutevedzera maitiro ekutakura, uye kugadzira nzira dzakanakisa dzekuronga kuburikidza nekudzidza kwekusimbisa uye simulation yemuviri; panguva imwe chete, kutsigira kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvezuva nezuva uye kugonesa kuronga kwakagadzirirwa iwe pachako zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi. Mune ramangwana, sezvo mamodheru eAI achiramba achichinja uye nzira dzealgorithm dzichiramba dzichigadziriswa, masisitimu e photovoltaic uye ekuchengetedza simba achachinja kubva pakuva "anoshanda" kuenda pakuva "anoshandiswa zvakanaka", zvichibatsira vashandisi vakawanda kuwana kushandiswa kwesimba kwakangwara uye mabhenefiti enguva refu.
IV. Smart Photovoltaic uye Energy Storage Microgrid, Kusimudzira Mafekitori Emhepo Asina Kabhoni! Chirongwa chemakore mashanu cheChina chegumi nemashanu chinoratidza zvakajeka kuvandudzwa kwezviwanikwa zvesimba zvakagoverwa uye kuvakwa kwemafekitori nemapaki asina kabhoni. Muna Zvita 2025, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, neNational Energy Administration vakazivisa pamwe chete mapaki makumi mashanu nemaviri asina kabhoni munyika. Muna Ndira 2026, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology nemamwe madhipatimendi mana vakaburitsa "Guiding Opinions on Catering out the Building of Zero-Carbon Factoryies," vachikurudzira kuti boka remafekitori asina kabhoni richarimwa uye rivakwe mumaindasitiri makuru manomwe, anosanganisira photovoltaics, lithium batteries, nemota, panosvika 2027; uye richawedzera kusvika kumaindasitiri makuru gumi nemaviri panosvika 2030. Zvinogona kufanotaurwa kuti mafekitori nemapaki asina kabhoni akavakirwa pa "magetsi ane mutoro" achava chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvesimba idzva mune ramangwana. Mamodheru akadai sekubatanidza magetsi akachena zvakananga uye ma microgrid akangwara achaunza mikana mikuru yekuvandudza uye ave mamodheru akakosha ekuvandudza simba idzva. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya nemamodheru, zvinodiwa zvavo zvikuru zvinoenderana neizvo zvevashandisi muPoland neSweden: kuwana mitengo yepamusoro yemagetsi munzvimbo inoshanduka yemitengo yemagetsi inotarisa musika zvizere. Ruzivo kubva kumisika yekune dzimwe nyika runoratidza kuti ma microgrid akangwara e photovoltaic uye ekuchengetedza simba anogona kuderedza zvinobudirira mitengo yemagetsi evashandisi uye kuwedzera kudzoka kwemapurojekiti e photovoltaic; uyezve, kuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yemagetsi, ndiko kuvandudzika kwemhedzisiro yekushandiswa! Parizvino, nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinopfuura 17,000 pasi rese dzakatora ma modheru eAI, achifukidza mamiriro ekuwana mitengo yemagetsi inoshanduka munyika makumi mana nenomwe, zvichigadzira sisitimu yekushandisa AI ine mazinga akawanda uye inogona kushandiswa.
Mhedziso
Siyanai nemitengo yemagetsi yakatarwa zvichienderana nenguva yekushandisa, uye tinokugamuchirai munguva yemitengo yemagetsi inotungamirwa pamusika uye inochinja-chinja. Uku hakusi kuguma kwekukosha kwema photovoltaic (PV) uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba, asi kutanga kwechokwadi kwenguva yesimba rakangwara. Kuburikidza nekuronga nguva yeAI uye kubatana kwe microgrid, masisitimu ePV uye ekuchengetedza simba ari kuchinja kubva pa "zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza simba" kuenda ku "zvigadziriso zvesimba zvakangwara", zvichitora kukosha pakati pekuchinja-chinja uye kugadzira remangwana kuburikidza neshanduko.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-23-2026