Muna 2025, mitemo mitsva yesimba yakatangwa kakawanda, zvichiita kuti indasitiri iomerwe. Panguva yakakosha apo indasitiri yese iri kubatikana neGwaro Nhamba 136, National Development and Reform Commission neNational Energy Administration vakaburitsa mutemo wakakosha wekubatanidza magetsi zvakananga ("Chiziviso pamusoro penyaya dzine chekuita nekusimudzirwa kwakarongeka kwekuvandudzwa kweGreen Power Direct Connection", pano ichinzi "Chiziviso"), vachipa rutsigiro rwehurongwa hwemitemo kuindasitiri kuti iongorore mamiriro matsva ekushandiswa pasi pemamiriro ekusimudzira ekushambadzira magetsi.
Kutaura zvazviri, mutemo wenyika usati watangwa, matunhu akadai seJiangsu neInner Mongolia akanga aburitsawo magwaro akakodzera pamusoro pekubatana kwemagetsi akachena zvakananga, asi pakanga pasina magwaro akajeka anotsigira ruzivo rwekushandiswa kwekubatana kwemagetsi akachena zvakananga. Kutanga kwemutemo uyu, kekutanga, kwakatsanangura zvakajeka tsananguro yekubatana kwemagetsi akachena zvakananga, huwandu hwemagetsi akachena, zvinangwa zvebudiriro, uye kugadziriswa kwemari padanho renyika.
Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwekubatanidza magetsi zvakananga kuchiri kuoma zvikuru mukushanda kwemagetsi, kuunzwa kwemitemo yenyika kwakapa rutsigiro rwakakosha rwemitemo yekufambira mberi kwesimba idzva. Dai zvisina kudaro, kubatana kwemagetsi zvakananga kungadai kusina kubudirira,” imwe nyanzvi inoziva nezvemaitiro emutemo weindasitiri yakaudza Photovoltaic.
Kubva pane rimwe divi, seimwe yemamiriro ekushandiswa kwesimba idzva munharaunda, kana kubatana kwesimba remagetsi akachena kune kukosha kwekutengeserana zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo emutoro. Mapurojekiti ane simba rakawanda rinoshandiswa uye kudiwa kukuru kwesimba remagetsi akachena ndiwo mamiriro ekushandisa anonyanya kukosha ekutengeserana ekubatanidza simba remagetsi akachena.
Kubatana kwakananga kwemagetsi egirini, sarudzo inokonzerwa nezvido zvakawanda
Zvinoenderana nekududzirwa kwepamutemo kweNational Development and Reform Commission, kuunzwa kwemhando yekubatanidza magetsi akachena kwakavakirwa pazvikonzero zvitatu: kusangana nekudiwa kwekushandiswa kwesimba idzva pedyo, zvinodiwa nevashandisi pakushandisa magetsi akachena, uye kupa vamwe vashandisi sarudzo dzekuderedza mitengo yemagetsi avo.
Pakati pazvo, kushandiswa kwesimba idzva munharaunda kuri nyore kuti indasitiri inzwisise. Semuenzaniso, kuzvigadzira kwega kwega kwemagetsi ezuva nezuva uye kuzvishandisa, pamwe chete nekuchengetera tsime-grid-load-storage, zvese imhando dzakajairika dzekushandiswa kwesimba munzvimbo. Kubatana kwesimba rezuva nezuva kwakafanana nebazi rekubatanidza tsime-grid-load-storage uye imhando iri mumamiriro ezvinhu akamanikana.
Mushure mekutaurirana neindasitiri, makambani emagetsi ezuva nezuva akaona kuti pane gakava rakawanda pamusoro pekuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevashandisi pamagetsi anodzivirira nharaunda. Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti sezvo magwaro ekudzivirira nharaunda akabatanidzwa neRE100, makambani ekutengesa kunze kwenyika anogona kutenga zvakananga magwaro ekudzivirira nharaunda, saka sei vachida kubatana zvakananga nemagetsi anodzivirira nharaunda?
Mushure mekubvunza nyanzvi dzine chekuita nemagetsi, nyanzvi dzemagetsi dzakaona kuti muhurongwa hwakakodzera hweEuropean Union, zvitupa zvegirini zveChinese hazvisi mukati mehurongwa hwekuzivikanwa. Kunyangwe kuzivikanwa kwezvitupa zvegirini zveChinese muhurongwa hweEU hwekugadzirisa muganhu wekabhoni kwakawedzera zvakanyanya kuburikidza nenzira dzekukurukurirana dzehurumende, kusvika pari zvino, Mechanism yeCarbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) yeEU haibvumire chero rudzi rwezvitupa zvegirini. Inongobvuma chete tekinoroji yekubatanidza zvakananga pakati pezvinhu zvekugadzira magetsi nenzvimbo dzekugadzira, kana zvibvumirano zvekutenga simba remagetsi (PPAs) zvakasainwa pakati pevagadziri vemagetsi nevatengi.
Zvichienderana neizvi, tichitarisa kudiwa kukuru kwemagetsi akachena kubva kumakambani anotengesa kunze kwenyika, kubatana kwemagetsi akachena zvakananga pasina mubvunzo ndeimwe yesarudzo dzakanakisa. Kare, kuunzwa kwemutemo wekubatanidza magetsi akachena zvakananga muJiangsu Province kwakavakirwawo pazvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwesimba rakachena nemakambani ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika. Muenzaniso wekubatanidza simba rakachena zvakananga, nekubatanidza kushandiswa kwesimba rakachena nekabhoni, unopa mabhizinesi nzira yakaderera uye inoenderana nekabhoni, kunyanya yakakodzera maindasitiri anotarisa kunze kwenyika uye anoshandisa simba rakawanda.
Kuwedzera kumabhizinesi anotarisa kunze kwenyika, vatengi vakuru vesimba ndivo vanobatanidzwawo mumhando yekubatanidza magetsi akajeka. Pakati pemabhizinesi anoshandisa simba rakawanda akadai se electrolytic aluminum, steel, uye simende, mamwe ane mafekitori awo emagetsi anodziya. "Mabhizinesi aya ane magetsi akawanda, nekuva nenzvimbo dzemhepo, solar, uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetera, pamwe chete nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekutumira magetsi, anogona kushandisa mukana wekukura kwesimba kuderedza mitengo yemagetsi."
Zvinonzi chirongwa chekugadzira mafuta mudunhu rekumabvazuva chinogona kuwana mutengo wemagetsi we0.2+ yuan pa kilowatt-awa nekuenzanisa nzvimbo yayo yemagetsi nezviteshi zvemagetsi zvemhepo nezuva, izvo zvakaderera zvikuru pane mutengo wekutenga grid guru remagetsi.
Njodzi dzekudyara mari dzingafungwa here?
Mushure mekukurukura kana nzira yebhizinesi ichikwanisika, pfungwa inotevera yekunetseka inyaya yengozi yekudyara mari.
Kutaura zvazviri, zvakafanana ne green power direct connection uye distributed photovoltaic uye maindasitiri nemabhizimisi ekuchengetedza simba ndeyekuti kana zvikaongororwa kubva pamaonero ekudyara kwechitatu, mushandisi ndiye ane kusava nechokwadi kukuru, sekubhuroka kwebhizinesi kana kudzikira kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi.
Nyaya iyi ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera matambudziko emari muindasitiri pasi pechirongwa chekudyara mari chechitatu. Kwete nzira mbiri dzataurwa pamusoro apa chete, asiwo mapurojekiti akaita sekugadzira hydrogen, ammonia nedoro kubva musimba rinodzokororwa uye kuchengetwa kwegridi, kusava nechokwadi kwekudiwa kwemagetsi kana kutengeswa kwehydrogen, ammonia nedoro ndicho chinhu chakaoma zvikuru mukusarudza mari.
Nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri kana kudzivirira njodzi iyi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira ndeyekubatanidza mari nevashandisi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei huwandu hwemhando yekuzvidyara yega yevaridzi vemaindasitiri nemabhizinesi emagetsi munzvimbo dzeJiangsu neZhejiang hwave huchiwedzera mumakore maviri apfuura. Kune rumwe rutivi, varidzi vezvivakwa ava vanoda chaizvo kuderedza mitengo yemagetsi uye kushandisa magetsi akachena. Kune rumwe rutivi, kuzvidyara kwega kwega kwevaridzi kunodzivirirawo kusagadzikana kunogona kusangana nekudyara kwevamwe vanhu, senge kuchinja kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi nemitengo yemagetsi.
Zviri pachena kuti vakuru vakuru venyika vane hunyanzvi vakaonawo izvi. "Chiziviso" chinoratidza kuti manyuko emagetsi epurojekiti anogona kushandiswa nevashandisi, kana nemakambani matsva ekugadzira simba remagetsi kana mabhizinesi akabatana akagadzwa nemativi ese. Mitsetse yakatsaurirwa kubatanidza zvakananga inofanira, muchokwadi, kushandiswa nevashandisi nemasangano anopa simba. Kana simba repurojekiti nemushandisi vasiri sangano rimwe chete rekudyara, chibvumirano chekutenga simba chemakore akawanda kana chibvumirano chekugadzirisa simba chinofanira kusainwa, uye zvibvumirano zvinofanira kusainwa pazvinhu zvakaita sekuvakwa kwenzvimbo yemagetsi, kugoverwa kwekodzero dzepfuma, kushanda nekugadzirisa, kutumira nekushanda, hukama hwekugadzirisa, uye mutoro wekutyora chibvumirano kudzivirira kodzero nemabasa asina kujeka uye kuchengetedza zvinobudirira kodzero nezvinodiwa zvesangano rekudyara.
Saka, muenzaniso wakanakisa wekubatanidza zvakananga magetsi akachena ndeyekuzvidira mari nevashandisi. Ehe, makambani echitatu anogonawo kutora chikamu mumabasa ekubatana kuti asunge vashandisi uye kudzikamisa tarisiro yekudyara.
Kuenzanisa mutengo wekushandiswa kwemagetsi nekugoverwa kwezvibatsiro?
Kubva pamaonero ekushanda kwemodhi yekubatanidza magetsi yakananga, "Kuramba kukuru kwekutadza kusimudzirwa kwemamodhi akabatana ekare kwakabva pagrid yemagetsi. Modhi iyi yakafanana nekufambisa 'keke' yegrid yemagetsi." Uku kubvumirana kwakajairika pakati peavo vakatora chikamu mukudyara mari mumapurojekiti akabatana.
Saka, kuburitswa kwegwaro iri rekubatanidza magetsi akajeka kwakafunga nezvezvido zvevanhu vakawanda sezvinobvira. Kuti vatore mutoro wekutonga masisitimu emagetsi uye mutoro wevanhu, uye kusimudzira kugona kwemagrid emagetsi eruzhinji kuti varambe vachipa masevhisi ekutonga masisitimu ese emagetsi, Chiziviso chinoda kuti mapurojekiti abhadhare mari yekutumira nekugovera, mari yekushanda kwesisitimu, mari dzinobva kumitemo, mari yehurumende nemari yekuwedzera, nezvimwewo zvichienderana nemitemo yakakodzera yeThe State Council's price and finance authorities. Nzvimbo hadzibvumidzwe kuderedza kana kusabvisa mari yakakodzera zvichityora mitemo yenyika.
Kubva pane zvakataurwa, gakava pamusoro pemari inodiwa pakubatanidza zvakananga kumagetsi akasvibirira rataurwa pamusoro apa ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose. Vamwe vanhu vari mukati meindasitiri vanotenda kuti kana mari yese inofanira kubhadharwa yakafanana neyemagetsi makuru, "mubvunzo mukuru ndewekuti mutengo wemagetsi wevashandisi vekupedzisira wakachipa here kana kuti unodhura kupfuura wemagetsi?" Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinosarudza kana modhi yebhizinesi ichigona kushanda.
Nyanzvi dzemagetsi ezuva nezuva dzakabvunza nyanzvi dzakakodzera uye dzakadzidza kuti "Pasi penzira yekubatanidza magetsi nemagetsi, zvinoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemagetsi mumabhizinesi kuchiri kufanira kuvimbiswa nemagetsi makuru. Nokudaro, mari yekutenga magetsi kubva kumagetsi inofanira kubhadharwa sezvakatsanangurwa. Zvisinei, mari yekuchengetedza chikamu chemagetsi chakabatana zvakananga nemagetsi ezuva nezuva inofanira kuderedzwa zvishoma."
Vamwe vanhu vane ruzivo nezvemaindasitiri vakataura kuti kana simba remagetsi rakabatana zvakananga nemagetsi mashoma, mutengo wemitsetse yakatsaurirwa unogona kunge wakaderera zvishoma pane wekutumira magetsi kure kuburikidza nekuwedzera simba remagetsi zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, kunewo maonero ekuti muripo wemitsetse yakatsaurirwa pamwe chete nedzimwe mari dzakasimba hazvingavi nemutengo wakaderera kupfuura kutenga magetsi kubva kugridi remagetsi guru pakupedzisira. "Naizvozvo, kana chirongwa ichi chichigona kuitwa zvinoenderana nekuverenga kwehupfumi kwechirongwa chega chega."
Nezvemitengo yemagetsi, dudziro yepamutemo yakataura kuti "Tinofanira kukurudzira mapurojekiti ekubatanidza magetsi zvakananga kuti tishandise mukana wavo wekutonga, kuwedzera huwandu hwesimba idzva rinogadzirwa nega uye rinodyiwa rega, kuderedza kudiwa kwesimba rakabatana negrid uye magetsi anowanikwa kubva kugrid yemagetsi yeruzhinji, kuchengetedza zvine mwero mitengo yesimba remagetsi uye mitengo yekutonga masisitimu, uye kuderedza mitengo yekushanda kwepurojekiti." Panguva imwe chete, kurudzira purojekiti yekubatanidza magetsi zvakananga kuti itore chikamu mumusika wemagetsi wese, kugadzirisa wega kugadzirwa kwemagetsi nekushandiswa kwemagetsi, uye kuwana purofiti inonzwisisika kuburikidza nekutengeserana kwesimba remagetsi uye masevhisi ekuwedzera pasi pechinangwa chekusangana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi anoiswa mugrid.
Kune rumwe rutivi, tichifunga nezvekuchengetedzwa kwekushanda kwegridi yemagetsi, "Chiziviso" chakaisawo zvirambidzo zvakawanda mumitemo yakadzama, kusanganisira kutaura zvakajeka kuti magridi makuru emagetsi nemapurojekiti ekubatanidza giridi yemagetsi zvakananga anofanira kuzadzisa mabasa avo anoenderana nekuchengetedzwa uye kupihwa zvichienderana nechimiro chemutoro, pamwe nekuisa zvinodiwa zvemapurojekiti ekubatanidza giridi yemagetsi zvakananga kubva muzvikamu zvekuronga, kubatana kwegridi uye mashandiro, zvichipa kukosha kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwekushanda kwegridi yemagetsi makuru.
Mukupedzisa, segwaro rakatora nguva inopfuura hafu yegore kuti riburitswe, kubatana kwemagetsi akachena kwakaunza budiriro yakakura maererano nehurongwa uye mashandiro. Gwaro iri rinotarisawo zvizere zvido zvemapato akawanda uye rizere neruzivo rwakadzama. Zvisinei, kubva pamaonero ebhizinesi, kubatana kwemagetsi akachena hakushande kune ese mamiriro ezvinhu parizvino. Rinoramba riri sarudzo yekutanga mukushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda, vatengi vemagetsi akawanda, kudiwa kwesimba rakawanda kana nzvimbo dzisina simba dzemagetsi.
Nzira iri mberi yakareba uye yakaoma, asi chero zvakadaro, kubatana kwemagetsi akachena kunopa imwe nzira itsva yedanho rinotevera rekuvandudza simba idzva reChina, uye zvakare kunotsvaga nzira yemabhizinesi ane zvinodiwa zvakafanana.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-04-2025